Difference between revisions of "Logical Fallacies"

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Informal fallacies can be determined only through analyzing the content of the argument, as opposed to formal fallacies which relate to the form of the argument.
 
Informal fallacies can be determined only through analyzing the content of the argument, as opposed to formal fallacies which relate to the form of the argument.
  
  Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum:  Appeal to the "Stick")  
+
 
  Appeal to Pity (Argumentum as Misericordiam)
+
   
  Appeal to the People (Argumentum ad Populum)
+
* Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum:  Appeal to the "Stick")  
  Example: "Of course we live on a globe.  99% of the people understand this."
+
 
  Argument Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem)
+
* Appeal to Pity (Argumentum as Misericordiam)
  Example: "Those who think the earth is flat must have never have completed elementary school."
+
 
  Dicto Simpliciter
+
* Appeal to the People (Argumentum ad Populum)
  Straw Man
+
Example: "Of course we live on a globe.  99% of the people understand this."
  Missing the Point (Ignoratio Elenchi)
+
 
  Red Herring
+
* Argument Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem)
 +
Example: "Those who think the earth is flat must have never have completed elementary school."
 +
 
 +
* Dicto Simpliciter
 +
 
 +
* Straw Man
 +
 
 +
* Missing the Point (Ignoratio Elenchi)
 +
 
 +
* Red Herring
 
   Example: "You say the earth measures flat.  What about gravity?"
 
   Example: "You say the earth measures flat.  What about gravity?"
  Appeal to Authority (Argumentum as Verecundiam)
+
 
  Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum as Ignorantiam)
+
* Appeal to Authority (Argumentum as Verecundiam)
  Hasty Generalization (Converse Accident)
+
 
  False Cause  
+
* Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum as Ignorantiam)
  Slippery Slope
+
* Hasty Generalization (Converse Accident)
  Weak Analogy
+
* False Cause  
  Begging the Question (Petitio Principii)
+
* Slippery Slope
  Complex Question
+
* Weak Analogy
  False Dichotomy
+
* Begging the Question (Petitio Principii)
  Suppressed Evidence
+
* Complex Question
  Equivocation
+
* False Dichotomy
  Amphiboly
+
* Suppressed Evidence
  Composition
+
* Equivocation
  Division
+
* Amphiboly
 +
* Composition
 +
* Division
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
 
Hurley, Patrick J. A Concise Introduction to Logic. Wadsworth, 1988.
 
Hurley, Patrick J. A Concise Introduction to Logic. Wadsworth, 1988.

Revision as of 19:07, 1 May 2020

One of the reasons that an unverifiable globe model with impossible dimensions has been able to be perpetuated for so long is that there is a serious lack of training in systematic logic. At one time, formal training in logic was an accepted and important part of classical education. It should surprise no one familiar with current world affairs that it is advantageous for those hoarding power and resources to keep the masses uneducated and their minds untrained. By learning about and pointing out the errors in logic known as logical fallacies when they occur, we can retrain our minds to think more logically and clearly about the nature of our world and other important issues.

Informal Fallacies

Informal fallacies can be determined only through analyzing the content of the argument, as opposed to formal fallacies which relate to the form of the argument.


  • Appeal to Force (Argumentum ad Baculum: Appeal to the "Stick")
  • Appeal to Pity (Argumentum as Misericordiam)
  • Appeal to the People (Argumentum ad Populum)
Example: "Of course we live on a globe.  99% of the people understand this."
  • Argument Against the Person (Argumentum ad Hominem)

Example: "Those who think the earth is flat must have never have completed elementary school."

  • Dicto Simpliciter
  • Straw Man
  • Missing the Point (Ignoratio Elenchi)
  • Red Herring
 Example: "You say the earth measures flat.  What about gravity?"
  • Appeal to Authority (Argumentum as Verecundiam)
  • Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum as Ignorantiam)
  • Hasty Generalization (Converse Accident)
  • False Cause
  • Slippery Slope
  • Weak Analogy
  • Begging the Question (Petitio Principii)
  • Complex Question
  • False Dichotomy
  • Suppressed Evidence
  • Equivocation
  • Amphiboly
  • Composition
  • Division

References

Hurley, Patrick J. A Concise Introduction to Logic. Wadsworth, 1988.